Evaluation of Tungsten—Steel Solid-State Bonding: Options and the Role of CALPHAD to Screen Diffusion Bonding Interlayers

Critical aspects of innovative design in engineering disciplines like infrastructure, transportation, and medical applications require the joining dissimilar materials. This study investigates literature on solid-state bonding techniques, with a particular focus diffusion bonding, as an effective method for establishing bonds. Welding brazing, while widely used, may pose challenges when materials large differences melting temperature can lead to mechanical property degradation. In contrast, offers lower process that relies interactions develop bond strength. The tungsten steel, especially fusion reactors, presents unique challenge due significant disparity temperatures propensity form brittle intermetallics. Here, characteristics tungsten–steel interfaces are examined influence parameters properties investigated. Additionally, CALPHAD modeling is employed explore parameters, thermal stability, kinetics. insights from this research be extended join numerous specific such aerospace, automobile industry, power plants, etc., enabling advanced robust high efficiency.